![]() Open-ended questioning – a teacher reads aloud and asks students to identify the verbs then moves to the next step and asks the students about how the past tense words are spelled.Asking students to repeat a task helps strengthen the memory. Repeating – just because a student can demonstrate they learned a concept once, doesn’t mean that learning is strong.Giving alternatives – when children are first learning a language, they struggle with finding the right words, so the teacher can say the words aloud and the child can repeat.Graphic organizers – after students have encountered a lot of complex information, a teacher can use a graphic organizer to visually display the material and let students see how the different concepts are related.As the students’ math skills develop, the manipulative scaffolds are removed so students can do the tasks unaided. Manipulatives – In math classes, students are provided with manipulatives (such as wooden blocks) to practice.Visual aids – A type of supportive resource is a visual aid, which can be put on the wall so students can look to the aids to be kept on track or receive tips.Providing supportive resources – before discussing an issue, the teacher provides a handout with facts that students can use at the end of the discussion the students engage in a reflection activity.Guided practice – A version of gradual release of responsibility where learning transitions from teacher-centered to student-centered as the student’s abilities progress.Gradual release of responsibility – A strategy where the teacher starts by modelling, then doing the tasks with the students, then allowing the students to do the task on their own.Probing questions – a teacher can use the Socratic method to ask students a series of questions that will help them find the answer for themselves.Modelling – a kindergarten teacher demonstrates to her students that when she gets stuck counting, she stops and starts over again.Providing hints – if a student is struggling to find the answer or know what the next step is, the teacher can provide some hints to give them a nudge in the right direction.Bruner was a famous psychologist that developed several respected theories in educational psychology ( such as the spiral curriculum) and impacted the careers of famous scholars, including Dr. “ a process that enables a child or novice to solve a task or achieve a goal that would be beyond his unassisted efforts” (Wood et al., 1976, p. However, the term “scaffolding” was first used by Dr. The concept of scaffolding builds upon Vygotsky’s concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and is considered a tool within the sociocultural theory of education. Dave Cornell (PhD) Scaffolding Theory in Education
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